B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Treatment (PDQ®) (2024)

  • Sehn LH, Salles G: Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. N Engl J Med 384 (9): 842-858, 2021. [PMC free article: PMC8377611] [PubMed: 33657296]

  • Delabie J, Vandenberghe E, Kennes C, et al.: Histiocyte-rich B-cell lymphoma. A distinct clinicopathologic entity possibly related to lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin's disease, paragranuloma subtype. Am J Surg Pathol 16 (1): 37-48, 1992. [PubMed: 1728195]

  • Achten R, Verhoef G, Vanuytsel L, et al.: T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma: a distinct clinicopathologic entity. J Clin Oncol 20 (5): 1269-77, 2002. [PubMed: 11870169]

  • Bouabdallah R, Mounier N, Guettier C, et al.: T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphomas and classical diffuse large B-cell lymphomas have similar outcome after chemotherapy: a matched-control analysis. J Clin Oncol 21 (7): 1271-7, 2003. [PubMed: 12663714]

  • Ghesquières H, Berger F, Felman P, et al.: Clinicopathologic characteristics and outcome of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas presenting with an associated low-grade component at diagnosis. J Clin Oncol 24 (33): 5234-41, 2006. [PubMed: 17043351]

  • Miller TP, Dahlberg S, Cassady JR, et al.: Chemotherapy alone compared with chemotherapy plus radiotherapy for localized intermediate- and high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. N Engl J Med 339 (1): 21-6, 1998. [PubMed: 9647875]

  • Coiffier B, Lepage E, Briere J, et al.: CHOP chemotherapy plus rituximab compared with CHOP alone in elderly patients with diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma. N Engl J Med 346 (4): 235-42, 2002. [PubMed: 11807147]

  • Coiffier B: State-of-the-art therapeutics: diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 23 (26): 6387-93, 2005. [PubMed: 16155024]

  • Habermann TM, Weller EA, Morrison VA, et al.: Rituximab-CHOP versus CHOP alone or with maintenance rituximab in older patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 24 (19): 3121-7, 2006. [PubMed: 16754935]

  • Zhou Z, Sehn LH, Rademaker AW, et al.: An enhanced International Prognostic Index (NCCN-IPI) for patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated in the rituximab era. Blood 123 (6): 837-42, 2014. [PMC free article: PMC5527396] [PubMed: 24264230]

  • Møller MB, Christensen BE, Pedersen NT: Prognosis of localized diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in younger patients. Cancer 98 (3): 516-21, 2003. [PubMed: 12879468]

  • Maurer MJ, Ghesquières H, Link BK, et al.: Diagnosis-to-Treatment Interval Is an Important Clinical Factor in Newly Diagnosed Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma and Has Implication for Bias in Clinical Trials. J Clin Oncol 36 (16): 1603-1610, 2018. [PMC free article: PMC5978469] [PubMed: 29672223]

  • Scott DW, King RL, Staiger AM, et al.: High-grade B-cell lymphoma with MYC and BCL2 and/or BCL6 rearrangements with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma morphology. Blood 131 (18): 2060-2064, 2018. [PMC free article: PMC6158813] [PubMed: 29475959]

  • Horn H, Ziepert M, Becher C, et al.: MYC status in concert with BCL2 and BCL6 expression predicts outcome in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Blood 121 (12): 2253-63, 2013. [PubMed: 23335369]

  • Staiger AM, Ziepert M, Horn H, et al.: Clinical Impact of the Cell-of-Origin Classification and the MYC/ BCL2 Dual Expresser Status in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Treated Within Prospective Clinical Trials of the German High-Grade Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Study Group. J Clin Oncol 35 (22): 2515-2526, 2017. [PubMed: 28525305]

  • Howlett C, Snedecor SJ, Landsburg DJ, et al.: Front-line, dose-escalated immunochemotherapy is associated with a significant progression-free survival advantage in patients with double-hit lymphomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Haematol 170 (4): 504-14, 2015. [PubMed: 25907897]

  • Sesques P, Johnson NA: Approach to the diagnosis and treatment of high-grade B-cell lymphomas with MYC and BCL2 and/or BCL6 rearrangements. Blood 129 (3): 280-288, 2017. [PubMed: 27821509]

  • Landsburg DJ, Falkiewicz MK, Maly J, et al.: Outcomes of Patients With Double-Hit Lymphoma Who Achieve First Complete Remission. J Clin Oncol 35 (20): 2260-2267, 2017. [PMC free article: PMC6366297] [PubMed: 28475457]

  • Herrera AF, Mei M, Low L, et al.: Relapsed or Refractory Double-Expressor and Double-Hit Lymphomas Have Inferior Progression-Free Survival After Autologous Stem-Cell Transplantation. J Clin Oncol 35 (1): 24-31, 2017. [PMC free article: PMC5455688] [PubMed: 28034071]

  • Canellos GP: CHOP may have been part of the beginning but certainly not the end: issues in risk-related therapy of large-cell lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 15 (5): 1713-6, 1997. [PubMed: 9164176]

  • Sha C, Barrans S, Cucco F, et al.: Molecular High-Grade B-Cell Lymphoma: Defining a Poor-Risk Group That Requires Different Approaches to Therapy. J Clin Oncol 37 (3): 202-212, 2019. [PMC free article: PMC6338391] [PubMed: 30523719]

  • Soumerai JD, Rosenthal A, Harkins S, et al.: Next-generation ALK inhibitors are highly active in ALK-positive large B-cell lymphoma. Blood 140 (16): 1822-1826, 2022. [PMC free article: PMC9837428] [PubMed: 35802834]

  • Hu S, Xu-Monette ZY, Balasubramanyam A, et al.: CD30 expression defines a novel subgroup of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with favorable prognosis and distinct gene expression signature: a report from the International DLBCL Rituximab-CHOP Consortium Program Study. Blood 121 (14): 2715-24, 2013. [PMC free article: PMC3700465] [PubMed: 23343832]

  • Maurer MJ, Ghesquières H, Jais JP, et al.: Event-free survival at 24 months is a robust end point for disease-related outcome in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with immunochemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 32 (10): 1066-73, 2014. [PMC free article: PMC3965261] [PubMed: 24550425]

  • Schmitz N, Zeynalova S, Nickelsen M, et al.: CNS International Prognostic Index: A Risk Model for CNS Relapse in Patients With Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Treated With R-CHOP. J Clin Oncol 34 (26): 3150-6, 2016. [PubMed: 27382100]

  • Zucca E, Conconi A, Mughal TI, et al.: Patterns of outcome and prognostic factors in primary large-cell lymphoma of the testis in a survey by the International Extranodal Lymphoma Study Group. J Clin Oncol 21 (1): 20-7, 2003. [PubMed: 12506165]

  • Vitolo U, Chiappella A, Ferreri AJ, et al.: First-line treatment for primary testicular diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with rituximab-CHOP, CNS prophylaxis, and contralateral testis irradiation: final results of an international phase II trial. J Clin Oncol 29 (20): 2766-72, 2011. [PubMed: 21646602]

  • Cheah CY, Wirth A, Seymour JF: Primary testicular lymphoma. Blood 123 (4): 486-93, 2014. [PubMed: 24282217]

  • Boehme V, Schmitz N, Zeynalova S, et al.: CNS events in elderly patients with aggressive lymphoma treated with modern chemotherapy (CHOP-14) with or without rituximab: an analysis of patients treated in the RICOVER-60 trial of the German High-Grade Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Study Group (DSHNHL). Blood 113 (17): 3896-902, 2009. [PubMed: 19144985]

  • Glantz MJ, Cole BF, Recht L, et al.: High-dose intravenous methotrexate for patients with nonleukemic leptomeningeal cancer: is intrathecal chemotherapy necessary? J Clin Oncol 16 (4): 1561-7, 1998. [PubMed: 9552066]

  • Orellana-Noia VM, Reed DR, McCook AA, et al.: Single-route CNS prophylaxis for aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphomas: real-world outcomes from 21 US academic institutions. Blood 139 (3): 413-423, 2022. [PMC free article: PMC8777199] [PubMed: 34570876]

  • Puckrin R, El Darsa H, Ghosh S, et al.: Ineffectiveness of high-dose methotrexate for prevention of CNS relapse in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Am J Hematol 96 (7): 764-771, 2021. [PubMed: 33811794]

  • Jeong H, Cho H, Kim H, et al.: Efficacy and safety of prophylactic high-dose MTX in high-risk DLBCL: a treatment intent-based analysis. Blood Adv 5 (8): 2142-2152, 2021. [PMC free article: PMC8095148] [PubMed: 33881464]

  • Eyre TA, Savage KJ, Cheah CY, et al.: CNS prophylaxis for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Lancet Oncol 23 (9): e416-e426, 2022. [PubMed: 36055310]

  • Villa D, Connors JM, Shenkier TN, et al.: Incidence and risk factors for central nervous system relapse in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: the impact of the addition of rituximab to CHOP chemotherapy. Ann Oncol 21 (5): 1046-52, 2010. [PubMed: 19861575]

  • Ferreri AJ, Donadoni G, Cabras MG, et al.: High Doses of Antimetabolites Followed by High-Dose Sequential Chemoimmunotherapy and Autologous Stem-Cell Transplantation in Patients With Systemic B-Cell Lymphoma and Secondary CNS Involvement: Final Results of a Multicenter Phase II Trial. J Clin Oncol 33 (33): 3903-10, 2015. [PubMed: 26282634]

  • Schmitz N, Wu HS: Advances in the Treatment of Secondary CNS Lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 33 (33): 3851-3, 2015. [PubMed: 26282665]

  • Savage KJ: Primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma. Blood 140 (9): 955-970, 2022. [PubMed: 34496020]

  • van Besien K, Kelta M, Bahaguna P: Primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma: a review of pathology and management. J Clin Oncol 19 (6): 1855-64, 2001. [PubMed: 11251018]

  • Dunleavy K, Wilson WH: Primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma and mediastinal gray zone lymphoma: do they require a unique therapeutic approach? Blood 125 (1): 33-9, 2015. [PMC free article: PMC4281829] [PubMed: 25499450]

  • Dunleavy K, Pittaluga S, Maeda LS, et al.: Dose-adjusted EPOCH-rituximab therapy in primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma. N Engl J Med 368 (15): 1408-16, 2013. [PMC free article: PMC4568999] [PubMed: 23574119]

  • Savage KJ, Yenson PR, Shenkier T, et al.: The outcome of primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma in the R-CHOP treatment era. [Abstract] Blood 120 (21): A-303, 2012.

  • Vassilakopoulos TP, Pangalis GA, Katsigiannis A, et al.: Rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone with or without radiotherapy in primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma: the emerging standard of care. Oncologist 17 (2): 239-49, 2012. [PMC free article: PMC3286173] [PubMed: 22282906]

  • Rieger M, Osterborg A, Pettengell R, et al.: Primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma treated with CHOP-like chemotherapy with or without rituximab: results of the Mabthera International Trial Group study. Ann Oncol 22 (3): 664-70, 2011. [PubMed: 20724576]

  • Gleeson M, Hawkes EA, Cunningham D, et al.: Rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisolone (R-CHOP) in the management of primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma: a subgroup analysis of the UK NCRI R-CHOP 14 versus 21 trial. Br J Haematol 175 (4): 668-672, 2016. [PubMed: 27477167]

  • Held G, Thurner L, Poeschel V, et al.: Role of radiotherapy and dose-densification of R-CHOP in primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma: A subgroup analysis of the unfolder trial of the German Lymphoma Alliance (GLA). [Abstract] J Clin Oncol 38 (Suppl 15): A-8041, 2021.

  • Martelli M, Ceriani L, Zucca E, et al.: [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography predicts survival after chemoimmunotherapy for primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma: results of the International Extranodal Lymphoma Study Group IELSG-26 Study. J Clin Oncol 32 (17): 1769-75, 2014. [PubMed: 24799481]

  • Zinzani PL, Broccoli A, Casadei B, et al.: The role of rituximab and positron emission tomography in the treatment of primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma: experience on 74 patients. Hematol Oncol 33 (4): 145-50, 2015. [PubMed: 25256959]

  • Ceriani L, Martelli M, Conconi A, et al.: Prognostic models for primary mediastinal (thymic) B-cell lymphoma derived from 18-FDG PET/CT quantitative parameters in the International Extranodal Lymphoma Study Group (IELSG) 26 study. Br J Haematol 178 (4): 588-591, 2017. [PubMed: 28485042]

  • Hayden AR, Tonseth P, Lee DG, et al.: Outcome of primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma using R-CHOP: impact of a PET-adapted approach. Blood 136 (24): 2803-2811, 2020. [PubMed: 32603413]

  • Dabaja BS, Hoppe BS, Plastaras JP, et al.: Proton therapy for adults with mediastinal lymphomas: the International Lymphoma Radiation Oncology Group guidelines. Blood 132 (16): 1635-1646, 2018. [PMC free article: PMC6212652] [PubMed: 30108066]

  • Zinzani PL, Santoro A, Gritti G, et al.: Nivolumab Combined With Brentuximab Vedotin for Relapsed/Refractory Primary Mediastinal Large B-Cell Lymphoma: Efficacy and Safety From the Phase II CheckMate 436 Study. J Clin Oncol 37 (33): 3081-3089, 2019. [PMC free article: PMC6864847] [PubMed: 31398081]

  • Zinzani PL, Thieblemont C, Melnichenko V, et al.: Pembrolizumab in relapsed or refractory primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma: final analysis of KEYNOTE-170. Blood 142 (2): 141-145, 2023. [PMC free article: PMC10651864] [PubMed: 37130017]

  • Abramson JS, Palomba ML, Gordon LI, et al.: Lisocabtagene maraleucel for patients with relapsed or refractory large B-cell lymphomas (TRANSCEND NHL 001): a multicentre seamless design study. Lancet 396 (10254): 839-852, 2020. [PubMed: 32888407]

  • Shimada K, Matsue K, Yamamoto K, et al.: Retrospective analysis of intravascular large B-cell lymphoma treated with rituximab-containing chemotherapy as reported by the IVL study group in Japan. J Clin Oncol 26 (19): 3189-95, 2008. [PubMed: 18506023]

  • Ponzoni M, Ferreri AJ, Campo E, et al.: Definition, diagnosis, and management of intravascular large B-cell lymphoma: proposals and perspectives from an international consensus meeting. J Clin Oncol 25 (21): 3168-73, 2007. [PubMed: 17577023]

  • Shimada K, Yamaguchi M, Atsuta Y, et al.: Rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone combined with high-dose methotrexate plus intrathecal chemotherapy for newly diagnosed intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (PRIMEUR-IVL): a multicentre, single-arm, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol 21 (4): 593-602, 2020. [PubMed: 32171071]

  • Longo DL: What's the deal with follicular lymphomas? J Clin Oncol 11 (2): 202-8, 1993. [PubMed: 8426195]

  • Anderson JR, Vose JM, Bierman PJ, et al.: Clinical features and prognosis of follicular large-cell lymphoma: a report from the Nebraska Lymphoma Study Group. J Clin Oncol 11 (2): 218-24, 1993. [PubMed: 8426197]

  • Bartlett NL, Rizeq M, Dorfman RF, et al.: Follicular large-cell lymphoma: intermediate or low grade? J Clin Oncol 12 (7): 1349-57, 1994. [PubMed: 8021725]

  • Wendum D, Sebban C, Gaulard P, et al.: Follicular large-cell lymphoma treated with intensive chemotherapy: an analysis of 89 cases included in the LNH87 trial and comparison with the outcome of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Groupe d'Etude des Lymphomes de l'Adulte. J Clin Oncol 15 (4): 1654-63, 1997. [PubMed: 9193366]

  • Hans CP, Weisenburger DD, Vose JM, et al.: A significant diffuse component predicts for inferior survival in grade 3 follicular lymphoma, but cytologic subtypes do not predict survival. Blood 101 (6): 2363-7, 2003. [PubMed: 12424193]

  • Vose JM, Bierman PJ, Lynch JC, et al.: Effect of follicularity on autologous transplantation for large-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 16 (3): 844-9, 1998. [PubMed: 9508164]

  • Cohen JB, Zain JM, Kahl BS: Current Approaches to Mantle Cell Lymphoma: Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Therapies. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 37: 512-525, 2017. [PubMed: 28561694]

  • Clot G, Jares P, Giné E, et al.: A gene signature that distinguishes conventional and leukemic nonnodal mantle cell lymphoma helps predict outcome. Blood 132 (4): 413-422, 2018. [PMC free article: PMC6071558] [PubMed: 29769262]

  • Greenwell IB, Staton AD, Lee MJ, et al.: Complex karyotype in patients with mantle cell lymphoma predicts inferior survival and poor response to intensive induction therapy. Cancer 124 (11): 2306-2315, 2018. [PMC free article: PMC5992038] [PubMed: 29579328]

  • Dreyling M, Klapper W, Rule S: Blastoid and pleomorphic mantle cell lymphoma: still a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge! Blood 132 (26): 2722-2729, 2018. [PubMed: 30385481]

  • Jain P, Dreyling M, Seymour JF, et al.: High-Risk Mantle Cell Lymphoma: Definition, Current Challenges, and Management. J Clin Oncol 38 (36): 4302-4316, 2020. [PubMed: 33074750]

  • Lew TE, Minson A, Dickinson M, et al.: Treatment approaches for patients with TP53-mutated mantle cell lymphoma. Lancet Haematol 10 (2): e142-e154, 2023. [PubMed: 36725119]

  • Herrmann A, Hoster E, Zwingers T, et al.: Improvement of overall survival in advanced stage mantle cell lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 27 (4): 511-8, 2009. [PubMed: 19075279]

  • Majlis A, Pugh WC, Rodriguez MA, et al.: Mantle cell lymphoma: correlation of clinical outcome and biologic features with three histologic variants. J Clin Oncol 15 (4): 1664-71, 1997. [PubMed: 9193367]

  • Tiemann M, Schrader C, Klapper W, et al.: Histopathology, cell proliferation indices and clinical outcome in 304 patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL): a clinicopathological study from the European MCL Network. Br J Haematol 131 (1): 29-38, 2005. [PubMed: 16173960]

  • Campo E, Raffeld M, Jaffe ES: Mantle-cell lymphoma. Semin Hematol 36 (2): 115-27, 1999. [PubMed: 10319380]

  • Martin P, Chadburn A, Christos P, et al.: Outcome of deferred initial therapy in mantle-cell lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 27 (8): 1209-13, 2009. [PubMed: 19188674]

  • Cohen JB, Han X, Jemal A, et al.: Deferred therapy is associated with improved overall survival in patients with newly diagnosed mantle cell lymphoma. Cancer 122 (15): 2356-63, 2016. [PubMed: 27153197]

  • Gerson JN, Handorf E, Villa D, et al.: Survival Outcomes of Younger Patients With Mantle Cell Lymphoma Treated in the Rituximab Era. J Clin Oncol 37 (6): 471-480, 2019. [PMC free article: PMC7554677] [PubMed: 30615550]

  • Goy A, Kalayoglu Besisik S, Drach J, et al.: Longer-term follow-up and outcome by tumour cell proliferation rate (Ki-67) in patients with relapsed/refractory mantle cell lymphoma treated with lenalidomide on MCL-001(EMERGE) pivotal trial. Br J Haematol 170 (4): 496-503, 2015. [PMC free article: PMC5029780] [PubMed: 25921098]

  • Ruan J, Martin P, Shah B, et al.: Lenalidomide plus Rituximab as Initial Treatment for Mantle-Cell Lymphoma. N Engl J Med 373 (19): 1835-44, 2015. [PMC free article: PMC4710541] [PubMed: 26535512]

  • Wang ML, Rule S, Martin P, et al.: Targeting BTK with ibrutinib in relapsed or refractory mantle-cell lymphoma. N Engl J Med 369 (6): 507-16, 2013. [PMC free article: PMC4513941] [PubMed: 23782157]

  • Wang ML, Blum KA, Martin P, et al.: Long-term follow-up of MCL patients treated with single-agent ibrutinib: updated safety and efficacy results. Blood 126 (6): 739-45, 2015. [PMC free article: PMC4528064] [PubMed: 26059948]

  • Ruan J, Martin P, Christos P, et al.: Five-year follow-up of lenalidomide plus rituximab as initial treatment of mantle cell lymphoma. Blood 132 (19): 2016-2025, 2018. [PMC free article: PMC6634960] [PubMed: 30181173]

  • Jain P, Zhao S, Lee HJ, et al.: Ibrutinib With Rituximab in First-Line Treatment of Older Patients With Mantle Cell Lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 40 (2): 202-212, 2022. [PMC free article: PMC8718245] [PubMed: 34797699]

  • Wang ML, Jain P, Zhao S, et al.: Ibrutinib-rituximab followed by R-HCVAD as frontline treatment for young patients (≤65 years) with mantle cell lymphoma (WINDOW-1): a single-arm, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol 23 (3): 406-415, 2022. [PubMed: 35074072]

  • Giné E, de la Cruz F, Jiménez Ubieto A, et al.: Ibrutinib in Combination With Rituximab for Indolent Clinical Forms of Mantle Cell Lymphoma (IMCL-2015): A Multicenter, Open-Label, Single-Arm, Phase II Trial. J Clin Oncol 40 (11): 1196-1205, 2022. [PMC free article: PMC8987223] [PubMed: 35030036]

  • Dreyling M, Jurczak W, Jerkeman M, et al.: Ibrutinib versus temsirolimus in patients with relapsed or refractory mantle-cell lymphoma: an international, randomised, open-label, phase 3 study. Lancet 387 (10020): 770-8, 2016. [PubMed: 26673811]

  • Tam CS, Anderson MA, Pott C, et al.: Ibrutinib plus Venetoclax for the Treatment of Mantle-Cell Lymphoma. N Engl J Med 378 (13): 1211-1223, 2018. [PubMed: 29590547]

  • Wang ML, Jurczak W, Jerkeman M, et al.: Ibrutinib plus Bendamustine and Rituximab in Untreated Mantle-Cell Lymphoma. N Engl J Med 386 (26): 2482-2494, 2022. [PubMed: 35657079]

  • Kluin-Nelemans HC, Hoster E, Hermine O, et al.: Treatment of Older Patients With Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL): Long-Term Follow-Up of the Randomized European MCL Elderly Trial. J Clin Oncol 38 (3): 248-256, 2020. [PubMed: 31804876]

  • Rummel MJ, Niederle N, Maschmeyer G, et al.: Bendamustine plus rituximab versus CHOP plus rituximab as first-line treatment for patients with indolent and mantle-cell lymphomas: an open-label, multicentre, randomised, phase 3 non-inferiority trial. Lancet 381 (9873): 1203-10, 2013. [PubMed: 23433739]

  • Robak T, Jin J, Pylypenko H, et al.: Frontline bortezomib, rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and prednisone (VR-CAP) versus rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) in transplantation-ineligible patients with newly diagnosed mantle cell lymphoma: final overall survival results of a randomised, open-label, phase 3 study. Lancet Oncol 19 (11): 1449-1458, 2018. [PubMed: 30348538]

  • Hermine O, Hoster E, Walewski J, et al.: Addition of high-dose cytarabine to immunochemotherapy before autologous stem-cell transplantation in patients aged 65 years or younger with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL Younger): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial of the European Mantle Cell Lymphoma Network. Lancet 388 (10044): 565-75, 2016. [PubMed: 27313086]

  • Hermine O, Jiang L, Walewski J, et al.: Addition of high-dose cytarabine to immunochemotherapy before autologous stem-cell transplantation in patients aged 65 years or younger with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL younger): a long-term follow-up of the randomized, open-label, phase 3 trial of the European Mantle Cell Lymphoma Network. [Abstract] Blood 138 (Suppl 1); A-380, 2021. [PubMed: 27313086]

  • Hermine O, Jiang L, Walewski J, et al.: High-Dose Cytarabine and Autologous Stem-Cell Transplantation in Mantle Cell Lymphoma: Long-Term Follow-Up of the Randomized Mantle Cell Lymphoma Younger Trial of the European Mantle Cell Lymphoma Network. J Clin Oncol 41 (3): 479-484, 2023. [PubMed: 36469833]

  • Khouri IF, Lee MS, Saliba RM, et al.: Nonablative allogeneic stem-cell transplantation for advanced/recurrent mantle-cell lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 21 (23): 4407-12, 2003. [PubMed: 14645431]

  • Dreyling M, Lenz G, Hoster E, et al.: Early consolidation by myeloablative radiochemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation in first remission significantly prolongs progression-free survival in mantle-cell lymphoma: results of a prospective randomized trial of the European MCL Network. Blood 105 (7): 2677-84, 2005. [PubMed: 15591112]

  • Geisler CH, Kolstad A, Laurell A, et al.: Long-term progression-free survival of mantle cell lymphoma after intensive front-line immunochemotherapy with in vivo-purged stem cell rescue: a nonrandomized phase 2 multicenter study by the Nordic Lymphoma Group. Blood 112 (7): 2687-93, 2008. [PMC free article: PMC2556606] [PubMed: 18625886]

  • Tam CS, Bassett R, Ledesma C, et al.: Mature results of the M. D. Anderson Cancer Center risk-adapted transplantation strategy in mantle cell lymphoma. Blood 113 (18): 4144-52, 2009. [PMC free article: PMC4624445] [PubMed: 19168784]

  • Damon LE, Johnson JL, Niedzwiecki D, et al.: Immunochemotherapy and autologous stem-cell transplantation for untreated patients with mantle-cell lymphoma: CALGB 59909. J Clin Oncol 27 (36): 6101-8, 2009. [PMC free article: PMC2793032] [PubMed: 19917845]

  • Fenske TS, Zhang MJ, Carreras J, et al.: Autologous or reduced-intensity conditioning allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for chemotherapy-sensitive mantle-cell lymphoma: analysis of transplantation timing and modality. J Clin Oncol 32 (4): 273-81, 2014. [PMC free article: PMC3897255] [PubMed: 24344210]

  • Martin P, Cohen JB, Wang M, et al.: Treatment Outcomes and Roles of Transplantation and Maintenance Rituximab in Patients With Previously Untreated Mantle Cell Lymphoma: Results From Large Real-World Cohorts. J Clin Oncol 41 (3): 541-554, 2023. [PMC free article: PMC9870229] [PubMed: 35763708]

  • Le Gouill S, Thieblemont C, Oberic L, et al.: Rituximab after Autologous Stem-Cell Transplantation in Mantle-Cell Lymphoma. N Engl J Med 377 (13): 1250-1260, 2017. [PubMed: 28953447]

  • Wang M, Fayad L, Wagner-Bartak N, et al.: Lenalidomide in combination with rituximab for patients with relapsed or refractory mantle-cell lymphoma: a phase 1/2 clinical trial. Lancet Oncol 13 (7): 716-23, 2012. [PubMed: 22677155]

  • Trněný M, Lamy T, Walewski J, et al.: Lenalidomide versus investigator's choice in relapsed or refractory mantle cell lymphoma (MCL-002; SPRINT): a phase 2, randomised, multicentre trial. Lancet Oncol 17 (3): 319-31, 2016. [PubMed: 26899778]

  • Wang M, Rule S, Zinzani PL, et al.: Acalabrutinib in relapsed or refractory mantle cell lymphoma (ACE-LY-004): a single-arm, multicentre, phase 2 trial. Lancet 391 (10121): 659-667, 2018. [PMC free article: PMC7864374] [PubMed: 29241979]

  • Song Y, Zhou K, Zou D, et al.: Zanubrutinib in relapsed/refractory mantle cell lymphoma: long-term efficacy and safety results from a phase 2 study. Blood 139 (21): 3148-3158, 2022. [PMC free article: PMC9136878] [PubMed: 35303070]

  • Wang M, Munoz J, Goy A, et al.: Three-Year Follow-Up of KTE-X19 in Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Mantle Cell Lymphoma, Including High-Risk Subgroups, in the ZUMA-2 Study. J Clin Oncol 41 (3): 555-567, 2023. [PMC free article: PMC9870225] [PubMed: 35658525]

  • Wang Y, Jain P, Locke FL, et al.: Brexucabtagene Autoleucel for Relapsed or Refractory Mantle Cell Lymphoma in Standard-of-Care Practice: Results From the US Lymphoma CAR T Consortium. J Clin Oncol 41 (14): 2594-2606, 2023. [PMC free article: PMC10489553] [PubMed: 36753699]

  • Wang ML, Jurczak W, Zinzani PL, et al.: Pirtobrutinib in Covalent Bruton Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Pretreated Mantle-Cell Lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 41 (24): 3988-3997, 2023. [PMC free article: PMC10461952] [PubMed: 37192437]

  • Martin P, Ruan J, Leonard JP: The potential for chemotherapy-free strategies in mantle cell lymphoma. Blood 130 (17): 1881-1888, 2017. [PubMed: 28899853]

  • Forstpointner R, Unterhalt M, Dreyling M, et al.: Maintenance therapy with rituximab leads to a significant prolongation of response duration after salvage therapy with a combination of rituximab, fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and mitoxantrone (R-FCM) in patients with recurring and refractory follicular and mantle cell lymphomas: Results of a prospective randomized study of the German Low Grade Lymphoma Study Group (GLSG). Blood 108 (13): 4003-8, 2006. [PubMed: 16946304]

  • Blum KA, Lozanski G, Byrd JC: Adult Burkitt leukemia and lymphoma. Blood 104 (10): 3009-20, 2004. [PubMed: 15265787]

  • Onciu M, Schlette E, Zhou Y, et al.: Secondary chromosomal abnormalities predict outcome in pediatric and adult high-stage Burkitt lymphoma. Cancer 107 (5): 1084-92, 2006. [PubMed: 16862570]

  • Macpherson N, Lesack D, Klasa R, et al.: Small noncleaved, non-Burkitt's (Burkit-Like) lymphoma: cytogenetics predict outcome and reflect clinical presentation. J Clin Oncol 17 (5): 1558-67, 1999. [PubMed: 10334544]

  • Dave SS, Fu K, Wright GW, et al.: Molecular diagnosis of Burkitt's lymphoma. N Engl J Med 354 (23): 2431-42, 2006. [PubMed: 16760443]

  • Hummel M, Bentink S, Berger H, et al.: A biologic definition of Burkitt's lymphoma from transcriptional and genomic profiling. N Engl J Med 354 (23): 2419-30, 2006. [PubMed: 16760442]

  • Salaverria I, Siebert R: The gray zone between Burkitt's lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma from a genetics perspective. J Clin Oncol 29 (14): 1835-43, 2011. [PubMed: 21482997]

  • Thomas DA, Faderl S, O'Brien S, et al.: Chemoimmunotherapy with hyper-CVAD plus rituximab for the treatment of adult Burkitt and Burkitt-type lymphoma or acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cancer 106 (7): 1569-80, 2006. [PubMed: 16502413]

  • Dunleavy K, Pittaluga S, Shovlin M, et al.: Low-intensity therapy in adults with Burkitt's lymphoma. N Engl J Med 369 (20): 1915-25, 2013. [PMC free article: PMC3901044] [PubMed: 24224624]

  • Hoelzer D, Walewski J, Döhner H, et al.: Improved outcome of adult Burkitt lymphoma/leukemia with rituximab and chemotherapy: report of a large prospective multicenter trial. Blood 124 (26): 3870-9, 2014. [PMC free article: PMC4271177] [PubMed: 25359988]

  • Ribrag V, Koscielny S, Bosq J, et al.: Rituximab and dose-dense chemotherapy for adults with Burkitt's lymphoma: a randomised, controlled, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet 387 (10036): 2402-11, 2016. [PubMed: 27080498]

  • Magrath I, Adde M, Shad A, et al.: Adults and children with small non-cleaved-cell lymphoma have a similar excellent outcome when treated with the same chemotherapy regimen. J Clin Oncol 14 (3): 925-34, 1996. [PubMed: 8622041]

  • Hoelzer D, Ludwig WD, Thiel E, et al.: Improved outcome in adult B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood 87 (2): 495-508, 1996. [PubMed: 8555471]

  • Lee EJ, Petroni GR, Schiffer CA, et al.: Brief-duration high-intensity chemotherapy for patients with small noncleaved-cell lymphoma or FAB L3 acute lymphocytic leukemia: results of cancer and leukemia group B study 9251. J Clin Oncol 19 (20): 4014-22, 2001. [PubMed: 11600602]

  • Mead GM, Sydes MR, Walewski J, et al.: An international evaluation of CODOX-M and CODOX-M alternating with IVAC in adult Burkitt's lymphoma: results of United Kingdom Lymphoma Group LY06 study. Ann Oncol 13 (8): 1264-74, 2002. [PubMed: 12181251]

  • Rizzieri DA, Johnson JL, Niedzwiecki D, et al.: Intensive chemotherapy with and without cranial radiation for Burkitt leukemia and lymphoma: final results of Cancer and Leukemia Group B Study 9251. Cancer 100 (7): 1438-48, 2004. [PubMed: 15042678]

  • Noy A, Lee JY, Cesarman E, et al.: AMC 048: modified CODOX-M/IVAC-rituximab is safe and effective for HIV-associated Burkitt lymphoma. Blood 126 (2): 160-6, 2015. [PMC free article: PMC4497960] [PubMed: 25957391]

  • Verdonck LF, Dekker AW, de Gast GC, et al.: Autologous bone marrow transplantation for adult poor-risk lymphoblastic lymphoma in first remission. J Clin Oncol 10 (4): 644-6, 1992. [PubMed: 1548528]

  • Thomas DA, O'Brien S, Cortes J, et al.: Outcome with the hyper-CVAD regimens in lymphoblastic lymphoma. Blood 104 (6): 1624-30, 2004. [PubMed: 15178574]

  • Sweetenham JW, Santini G, Qian W, et al.: High-dose therapy and autologous stem-cell transplantation versus conventional-dose consolidation/maintenance therapy as postremission therapy for adult patients with lymphoblastic lymphoma: results of a randomized trial of the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation and the United Kingdom Lymphoma Group. J Clin Oncol 19 (11): 2927-36, 2001. [PubMed: 11387366]

  • Nador RG, Cesarman E, Chadburn A, et al.: Primary effusion lymphoma: a distinct clinicopathologic entity associated with the Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus. Blood 88 (2): 645-56, 1996. [PubMed: 8695812]

  • Shimada K, Hayakawa F, Kiyoi H: Biology and management of primary effusion lymphoma. Blood 132 (18): 1879-1888, 2018. [PubMed: 30154110]

  • Castillo JJ, Bibas M, Miranda RN: The biology and treatment of plasmablastic lymphoma. Blood 125 (15): 2323-30, 2015. [PubMed: 25636338]

  • Al-Malki MM, Castillo JJ, Sloan JM, et al.: Hematopoietic cell transplantation for plasmablastic lymphoma: a review. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 20 (12): 1877-84, 2014. [PubMed: 24946718]

  • Cattaneo C, Re A, Ungari M, et al.: Plasmablastic lymphoma among human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients: results of a single center's experience. Leuk Lymphoma 56 (1): 267-9, 2015. [PubMed: 24712980]

  • Morrison VA, Dunn DL, Manivel JC, et al.: Clinical characteristics of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders. Am J Med 97 (1): 14-24, 1994. [PubMed: 8030652]

  • Knowles DM, Cesarman E, Chadburn A, et al.: Correlative morphologic and molecular genetic analysis demonstrates three distinct categories of posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorders. Blood 85 (2): 552-65, 1995. [PubMed: 7812011]

  • Leblond V, Dhedin N, Mamzer Bruneel MF, et al.: Identification of prognostic factors in 61 patients with posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorders. J Clin Oncol 19 (3): 772-8, 2001. [PubMed: 11157030]

  • Ghobrial IM, Habermann TM, Maurer MJ, et al.: Prognostic analysis for survival in adult solid organ transplant recipients with post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorders. J Clin Oncol 23 (30): 7574-82, 2005. [PubMed: 16186599]

  • Evens AM, David KA, Helenowski I, et al.: Multicenter analysis of 80 solid organ transplantation recipients with post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disease: outcomes and prognostic factors in the modern era. J Clin Oncol 28 (6): 1038-46, 2010. [PMC free article: PMC2834429] [PubMed: 20085936]

  • Dierickx D, Tousseyn T, Gheysens O: How I treat posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders. Blood 126 (20): 2274-83, 2015. [PubMed: 26384356]

  • Kuehnle I, Huls MH, Liu Z, et al.: CD20 monoclonal antibody (rituximab) for therapy of Epstein-Barr virus lymphoma after hemopoietic stem-cell transplantation. Blood 95 (4): 1502-5, 2000. [PubMed: 10666232]

  • Trappe RU, Dierickx D, Zimmermann H, et al.: Response to Rituximab Induction Is a Predictive Marker in B-Cell Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder and Allows Successful Stratification Into Rituximab or R-CHOP Consolidation in an International, Prospective, Multicenter Phase II Trial. J Clin Oncol 35 (5): 536-543, 2017. [PubMed: 27992268]

  • Leblond V, Sutton L, Dorent R, et al.: Lymphoproliferative disorders after organ transplantation: a report of 24 cases observed in a single center. J Clin Oncol 13 (4): 961-8, 1995. [PubMed: 7707124]

  • Mamzer-Bruneel MF, Lomé C, Morelon E, et al.: Durable remission after aggressive chemotherapy for very late post-kidney transplant lymphoproliferation: A report of 16 cases observed in a single center. J Clin Oncol 18 (21): 3622-32, 2000. [PubMed: 11054435]

  • Swinnen LJ: Durable remission after aggressive chemotherapy for post-cardiac transplant lymphoproliferation. Leuk Lymphoma 28 (1-2): 89-101, 1997. [PubMed: 9498708]

  • McCarthy M, Ramage J, McNair A, et al.: The clinical diversity and role of chemotherapy in lymphoproliferative disorder in liver transplant recipients. J Hepatol 27 (6): 1015-21, 1997. [PubMed: 9453427]

  • Leblond V, Davi F, Charlotte F, et al.: Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders not associated with Epstein-Barr virus: a distinct entity? J Clin Oncol 16 (6): 2052-9, 1998. [PubMed: 9626203]

  • Senderowicz AM, Vitetta E, Headlee D, et al.: Complete sustained response of a refractory, post-transplantation, large B-cell lymphoma to an anti-CD22 immunotoxin. Ann Intern Med 126 (11): 882-5, 1997. [PubMed: 9163289]

  • Haddad E, Paczesny S, Leblond V, et al.: Treatment of B-lymphoproliferative disorder with a monoclonal anti-interleukin-6 antibody in 12 patients: a multicenter phase 1-2 clinical trial. Blood 97 (6): 1590-7, 2001. [PubMed: 11238096]

  • Guinee D, Jaffe E, Kingma D, et al.: Pulmonary lymphomatoid granulomatosis. Evidence for a proliferation of Epstein-Barr virus infected B-lymphocytes with a prominent T-cell component and vasculitis. Am J Surg Pathol 18 (8): 753-64, 1994. [PubMed: 8037289]

  • Myers JL, Kurtin PJ, Katzenstein AL, et al.: Lymphomatoid granulomatosis. Evidence of immunophenotypic diversity and relationship to Epstein-Barr virus infection. Am J Surg Pathol 19 (11): 1300-12, 1995. [PubMed: 7573693]

  • B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Treatment (PDQ®) (2024)
    Top Articles
    Latest Posts
    Article information

    Author: Kerri Lueilwitz

    Last Updated:

    Views: 5362

    Rating: 4.7 / 5 (67 voted)

    Reviews: 90% of readers found this page helpful

    Author information

    Name: Kerri Lueilwitz

    Birthday: 1992-10-31

    Address: Suite 878 3699 Chantelle Roads, Colebury, NC 68599

    Phone: +6111989609516

    Job: Chief Farming Manager

    Hobby: Mycology, Stone skipping, Dowsing, Whittling, Taxidermy, Sand art, Roller skating

    Introduction: My name is Kerri Lueilwitz, I am a courageous, gentle, quaint, thankful, outstanding, brave, vast person who loves writing and wants to share my knowledge and understanding with you.